HTML

Standard markup language used to create web page structure.

Lessons
  • What is HTML?
  • What is an HTML Element?
  • HTML Editors
  • HTML Documents
  • Introduction to HTML
  • Headings and Paragraphs
  • Links
  • Images
  • Lists (Ordered and Unordered)
  • Tables
  • Forms
  • Input Types
  • Semantic Elements
  • Embedding Videos and Audio
What is HTML?

- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
- HTML describes the structure of a Web page
- HTML consists of a series of elements
- HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
- HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.

Example:
A Simple HTML Document <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

Example Description:

Example Explained - The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document - The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page - The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page - The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab) - The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc. - The <h1> element defines a large heading - The <p> element defines a paragraph
What is an HTML Element?

An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:

<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Example:
Start tag Element content End tag <h1> My First Heading </h1> <p> My first paragraph. </p> <br> none none

Example Description:

Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!
HTML Editors

Learn HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit
Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.

However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac).

We believe that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.

Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit.

Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)
Windows 8 or later:

Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad.

Windows 7 or earlier:

Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad

Step 1: Open TextEdit (Mac)
Open Finder > Applications > TextEdit

Also change some preferences to get the application to save files correctly. In Preferences > Format > choose "Plain Text"

Then under "Open and Save", check the box that says "Display HTML files as HTML code instead of formatted text".

Then open a new document to place the code.

Step 2: Write Some HTML
Write or copy the following HTML code into Notepad:

Example:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>This is a Heading</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

Example Description:

With our free online editor, you can edit the HTML code and view the result in your browser. It is the perfect tool when you want to test code fast. It also has color coding and the ability to save and share code with others:
HTML Documents

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.

The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.


The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:
<!DOCTYPE html>


HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>



HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.


HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:
<img src="learn to code no.jpg" alt="learn to code now.com" width="104" height="142">


How to View HTML Source
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

View HTML Source Code:
Click CTRL + U in an HTML page, or right-click on the page and select "View Page Source". This will open a new tab containing the HTML source code of the page.

Inspect an HTML Element:
Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" to see what elements are made up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel that opens.

Example:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>This is a Heading</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a> <img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142"> </body> </html

Example Description:

HTML Basic Examples
Introduction to HTML

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating webpages. It uses tags to structure content like text, images, and links.

Example:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>My First Page</title> </head> <body> <h1>Hello, HTML!</h1> </body> </html>

Example Description:

This is a basic HTML structure. The <h1> tag displays a large heading that says "Hello, HTML!".
Headings and Paragraphs

HTML provides heading tags (<h1> to <h6>) and the paragraph tag <p> for text.

Example:
<h1>Main Title</h1> <p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>

Example Description:

<h1> defines a top-level heading, and <p> adds a paragraph.
Links

Use the <a> tag to create clickable links.

Example:
<a href="https://www.google.com">Go to Google</a>

Example Description:

Clicking this link takes the user to Google's website using the href attribute.
Images

The <img> tag is used to display images.

Example:
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Description of image" width="300">

Example Description:

This displays an image with a width of 300 pixels. The alt text appears if the image fails to load.
Lists (Ordered and Unordered)

HTML supports two main types of lists: ordered (<ol>) and unordered (<ul>), with list items (<li>).

Example:
<ul> <li>Apple</li> <li>Banana</li> </ul>

Example Description:

This creates a bulleted list with two items.
Tables

Tables use tags like <table>, <tr>, <td>, and <th> to structure data.

Example:
<table border="1"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Ali</td> <td>25</td> </tr> </table>

Example Description:

This table has two columns and one row of data with headers.
Forms

Forms collect user input using elements like <input>, <textarea>, <select>, and <button>.

Example:
<form> <label for="name">Name:</label> <input type="text" id="name"> <button type="submit">Submit</button> </form>

Example Description:

This form has a text input for the user's name and a submit button.
Input Types

<input> supports many types like text, email, password, checkbox, and radio.

Example:
<input type="email" placeholder="Enter your email"> <input type="checkbox"> Subscribe

Example Description:

The first input accepts email addresses; the second is a checkbox for subscriptions.
Semantic Elements

Semantic tags like <header>, <nav>, <main>, <section>, <footer> give meaning to the content.

Example:
<header> <h1>Website Title</h1> </header>

Example Description:

The <header> wraps the main heading of the page, indicating that it's the top section.
Embedding Videos and Audio

HTML5 allows adding videos and audio using <video> and <audio>.

Example:
<video width="320" controls> <source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>

Example Description:

This embeds a video with playback controls. If the file exists, the browser will show the video player.
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